sábado, 11 de setembro de 2021

Inglês com texto - 2

 Leia o texto a seguir:

 

Texto 1 - para as questões de 1 a 5

 

What is Sustainable Development?

Environmental, economic and social well-being for today and tomorrow

Sustainable development has been defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report:

"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts:

·         the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and

·         the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs."

All definitions of sustainable development require that we see the world as a system - a system that connects space; and a system that connects time.

When you think of the world as a system over space, you grow to understand that air pollution from North America affects air quality in Asia, and that pesticides sprayed in Argentina could harm fish stocks off the coast of Australia.

And when you think of the world as a system over time, you start to realize that the decisions our grandparents made about how to farm the land continue to affect agricultural practice today; and the economic policies we endorse today will have an impact on urban poverty when our children are adults.

We also understand that quality of life is a system, too. It's good to be physically healthy, but what if you are poor and don't have access to education? It's good to have a secure income, but what if the air in your part of the world is unclean? And it's good to have freedom of religious expression, but what if you can't feed your family?

The concept of sustainable development is rooted in this sort of systems thinking. It helps us understand ourselves and our world. The problems we face are complex and serious - and we can't address them in the same way we created them. But we can address them.

It's that basic optimism that motivates IISD's staff, associates and board to innovate for a healthy and meaningful future for this planet and its inhabitants.

Adaptado de: http://www.iisd.org/sd/.

Acesso em: 4 nov. 2012.

 

QUESTION 1

According to the text, we can say that the definition of sustainable development gathers two main ideas:

A) economy and poverty

B) present generations and future generations

C) environment and technology

D) needs and limitations

 

QUESTION 2

According to the text, definitions of sustainable development ask us to think the world as

A) a system

B) a global community

C) a well-being place

D) a meaningful future

 

QUESTION 3

In the fragment “The concept of sustainable development is rooted in this sort of systems thinking”, the marked word could be replaced, without meaning changes, by

A) following

B) next

C) kind

D) quoted

 

QUESTION 4

In the fragment “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts,” the marked word refers to

A) sustainable development

B) needs of the present

C) ability of future generations

D) key concepts

 

QUESTION 5

The best translation for “It's good to have a secure income, but what if the air in your part of the world is unclean?”, is

A) É bom ter um seguro de renda, mas e se o ar em sua parte do mundo não for limpo?

B) É bom ter um seguro de renda, mas e se seu ar for impuro no mundo?

C) É bom ter uma renda segura, mas o que faz o ar na sua região ser impuro?

D) É bom ter um rendimento seguro, mas e se o ar no lugar onde você for impuro?

 

 

Texto 2 - para as questões de 6 a 10

 

Our Common Future, from One Earth to One World

1. In the middle of the 20th century, we saw our planet from space for the first time. Historians may eventually find that this vision had a greater impact on thought than did the Copernican revolution of the 16th century, which upset the human self-image by revealing that the Earth is not the centre of the universe. From space, we see a small and fragile ball dominated not by human activity and edifice but by a pattern of clouds, oceans, greenery, and soils. Humanity's inability to fit its activities into that pattern is changing planetary systems, fundamentally. Many such changes are accompanied by life-threatening hazards. This new reality, from which there is no escape, must be recognized - and managed.

2. Fortunately, this new reality coincides with more positive developments new to this century. We can move information and goods faster around the globe than ever before; we can produce more food and more goods with less investment of resources; our technology and science gives us at least, the potential to look deeper into and better understand natural systems. From space, we can see and study the Earth as an organism whose health depends on the health of all its parts. We have the power to reconcile human affairs with natural laws and to thrive in the process. In this our cultural and spiritual heritages can reinforce our economic interests and survival imperatives.

3. This Commission believes that people can build a future that is more prosperous, more just, and more secure. Our report, Our Common Future, is not a prediction of ever increasing environmental decay, poverty, and hardship in an ever more polluted world among ever decreasing resources. We see instead the possibility for a new era of economic growth, one that must be based on policies that sustain and expand the environmental resource base. And we believe such growth to be absolutely essential to relieve the great poverty that is deepening in much of the developing world.

4. But the Commission's hope for the future is conditional on decisive political action now to begin managing environmental resources to ensure both sustainable human progress and human survival. We are not forecasting a future; we are serving a notice - an urgent notice based on the latest and best scientific evidence - that the time has come to take the decisions needed to secure the resources to sustain this and coming generations. We do not offer a detailed blueprint for action, but instead a pathway by which the peoples of the world may enlarge their spheres of cooperation.

Adaptado de: http://www.un-documents.net/ocf-ov.htm.

Acesso em: 4 nov. 2012.

 

QUESTION 6

After reading the text we can affirm that

A) the world’s real situation is now out of control and humanity has nothing to do to control it.

B) the vision we have of world, from space, has affected us more than the Copernican revolution.

C) we are changing planetary systems because we must recognize and manage it.

D) the 20th century is more advanced in technology than the 16th century.

 

QUESTION 7

According to the text, the report Our Common Future stands that

A) sustainable development is an affair for future generations, who will be much more capable to rebuild the world we gave them.

B) technology has to be stopped right away from harming the world’s decreasing resources.

C) technology and sustainable development are so different, as once technology has already damaged a lot the world.

D) technology and sustainable development are not actors to play apart one from each other.

 

QUESTION 8

In the options bellow, the verbs listed lead us to think of past events, except the option

A) gave - understood - had - depended

B) reinforced - believed - was - managed

C) saw - dominated - are accompained - must be recognized

D) needed - secured - enlarged - took

 

QUESTION 9

The option in which the translation to the expressions does not fit is

A) pattern of clouds = blocos de nuvens

B) oceans = oceanos

C) greenery = vegetação

D) and soils = e sois

 

QUESTION 10

The best translation for “We do not offer a detailed blueprint for action, but instead a pathway by which the peoples of the world may enlarge their spheres of cooperation.” is

A) Nós não oferecemos um plano de ação detalhado, mas ao contrário um desvio pelo qual os povos do mundo poderão alargar suas esferas de cooperação.

B) Nós não oferecemos um plano de ação detalhado, mas sim um caminho pelo qual os povos do mundo possam ampliar suas esferas de cooperação.

C) Nós não oferecemos um detalhado cartão azul de ação, mas um caminho pelo qual os povos do mundo podem ampliar suas esferas de cooperação.

D) Nós não oferecemos um detalhado plano de ação, nem mesmo um caminho pelo qual os povos do mundo podem ampliar suas esferas de cooperação.

 

Answers:

1 - D; 2 - A; 3 - C; 4 - A; 5 - D6 - B; 7 - D; 8 - C; 9 - D; 10 - B.

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